|
Daniel D. Badger (15 October 1806–1884〔Age given as 78 in his obituary in ''American Architect and Architecture'', 16 (1884:254); date given in ''New York Times'' obituary, 19 November 1884:p2, quoted in Grutchfield 2009; biographical details are from these notices〕) was an American founder, working in New York City under the name Architectural Iron Works. With James Bogardus, he was one of the major forces in creating a cast-iron architecture in the United States.〔"Daniel D. Badger and Bogardus were leading advocates in developing cast iron" notes G. E. Kidder Smith, ''Source Book of American Architecture: 500 Notable Buildings'', 2000.〕 Christopher Gray of the ''New York Times'' remarks: "Most cast-iron buildings present problems of authorship – it is hard to tell if it was the founder or the architect who actually designed the facade."〔 Badger's illustrated catalogues of cast-iron architectural elements provided the most extensive and ambitious offering of them in 19th-century America. Originally intended as an advertising device, the catalogue issued in 1865 was reprinted in 1981, with an introduction by Margot Gayle,〔''Badger's Illustrated Catalogue of Cast-iron Architecture'', Dover Pub., (1981)〕 and was digitized in 2011 by the Internet Archive with the support of the New York chapter of the Victorian Society of America.〔(Digitized ''Badger's Illustrated Catalogue of Cast-iron Architecture'' )〕 ==Life and career== Badger was born in 1806 to a shipbuilding family on Badger's Island in the harbor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire,〔The island is across the state border in Kittery, Maine.〕 and worked in a blacksmith's shop in Portsmouth until he set up in Woburn, Massachusetts, as a maker of saws. Following a fire, he invested his savings in a foundry and rolling mill in Boston, where he was very successful. As a "black and white smith", he was admitted in 1837 as a member of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association.〔Buckingham, Joseph T. (ed.) ''Annals of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association'' (Boston, 1853:287).〕 He was described as a "housesmith" in Boston, Massachusetts, when he set up a storefront of cast-iron columns and lintels in 1842, with the provision in the contract that if the untried new material were to prove unsuccessful he would substitute the usual granite piers.〔Obituary, 1884.〕 Later he claimed grandly that he was "the first person who practically used Iron for the building material of an exterior", though the historian of cast-iron architecture in America, Margot Gayle, observes "the claim clearly cannot stand scrutiny".〔 Badger acquired the patent of Arthur L. Johnson of Baltimore for rolling iron shopfront shutters, which he made ubiquitous as "Badger fronts".〔Gayle, p.16.〕 In 1846 he moved to New York, where his Boston partner Charles Reed soon joined him.〔Bishop, John Leander et al., ''A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860'' (3rd ed., vol. III 1868:20): Charles Reed still appears in the Boston city directory for 1848 as "Reed Charles (''D.D. Badger & Co.'') 7 Haverhill".〕 An early handbill shows Badger's early four-storey brick factory at 44 Duane Street, New York, as it was shortly after 1848.〔 His later foundry occupied the whole block in the East Village from 13th to 14th Streets and Avenues B to C.〔Obituary 1884; the 1865 catalogue gives this address on its front cover.〕 Badger's Architectural Iron Works sent prefabricated cast-iron elements as far afield as Havana and Cairo.〔Obituary.〕 Under his contract for the cast iron for the first Grand Central Depot (opened 1871), he erected the second-widest cast-iron span in the world at the time; the train shed was erected rapidly through the use of a traveling stage, upon which the arched girders were successively erected. Shortly thereafter, he erected the cast-iron Manhattan Market, with an arched girder roof, using the same traveling stage. Badger was also one of the founding partners of the New York Sanitary and Chemical Compost Manufacturing Company (incorporated 1864) for the purpose of manufacturing street-cleaning equipment and the composting of fertilizing manures from the horse manure and other refuse of city streets.〔''Documents of the Senate of the State of New York'', Volume 2 (1865:602). Badger resided in Brooklyn, New York.〕 Badger retired in 1873, and died in 1884. Daniel Badger is interred in Green-Wood Cemetery, in Brooklyn, New York. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daniel D. Badger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|